privity of contract
英
美
合同（契约）有关当事人的相互关系；（与合同当事人一方有关系而产生的）非合同当事人的权益
双语例句
- "Privity of contract" ( called "privity of debt" in civil law system) is the corner stone of contract rule and system, which underlies wide recognition and respect of "autonomy" and "freedom of contract".
合同相对性原则（大陆法称其为债的相对性原则）是合同规则、合同制度的基石。 - "Doctrine of privity of contract" has been the unshakable credendum of the classical contract law and has been treated as the corner stone of contract rule and system.
历史上，合同相对性原则曾经作为古典契约法的一个不可动摇的信条，被称为是合同法体系构建的第一块基石。 - Privity of contract resulted from the parties of contract at the beginning of contract.
合同产生之初，因合同当事人的特定性而形成合同相对性原则。 - It is the incidentally-third-party-protecting contract beyond the privity of contract.
附保护第三人作用的契约，是对契约相对性原则的突破。 - The principle of privity of contract will, inevitably cause the parochialism of contract law.
合同相对性原则削足适履的做法，会不可避免地造成契约法的封闭化。 - However, with the prosperity of trade and development of market economy, the contract relations become increasingly complex, and as a result, the doctrine of privity of contract has been challenged ceaselessly.
然而，随着贸易的繁荣和市场经济的发达，合同关系日益复杂，合同的相对性原则不断受到冲击。 - Practice, however, indicates that under some circumstances, if abide by the strict doctrine of privity of contract, the interests of contracting parties must be damaged, especially of the third person.
然而，实践表明在某些情形下，如果恪守严格的合同相对性理论，将必然损害合同当事人尤其是第三人的利益。 - Legal system of third parties 'right against liability insurers breaks the traditional rules of "privity of contract" in civil law, which is, at the same time, the trend of modern liability insurance law.
第三人对责任保险人的直接请求权制度，是对传统民法的合同相对性原则的突破，同时也是现代责任保险的立法趋势。 - Contract law prescribes it as an undecisive efficiency contract that contradicts with the civil system of bona fide gains privity of contract.
我国《合同法》将其规定为效力待定合同，与善意取得制度，合同相对性理论等民法原理和制度发生矛盾和冲突。 - The parties of the Bill of Lading embody exception of privity of contract and this article talks on the rights and duties of the consignee and the holder of the Bill of Lading which arise from the contract of carriage of goods.
本文从国际海上货物运输合同第三人的角度，主要讨论非合同当事人的收货人和提单持有人依据提单享有的国际海上货物运输合同中的权利、义务及相关法律问题。 - Moreover, the thesis points out that the collection of THC charged Chinese consignors or consignees by liners is not in accordance with the principle of the Privity of Contract if the laws of china do not provide or the contract of carriage does not stipulate.
论文指出，在我国现行法律未做明确规定或者合同未做明确约定的情况下，承运人向我国发货人或收货人收取装卸港THC不符合合同相对性原理。 - First the author explains the meaning of contract and privity of contract.
第一部分：合同相对性原则。首先介绍了合同及合同相对性原则的基本涵义。 - Subrogation in marine insurance relatively breaks through the principle of the privity of contract and it is a further development of the function of the system of creditor's rights.
海上保险代位权相对性地突破了合同相对性原则，是民法债权制度功能的进一步发展。 - An Analysis of the Principle of Privity of Contract from the Aspect of Comparative Law
从比较法的角度看合同相对性原则 - From Roman law, "privity of contract" or "privity of debt" are becoming a cornerstone of contract or debt-related law system and play a very important role.
自罗马法以来，合同相对性或债的相对性原则一直为两大法系所确认，成为合同规则和制度的奠基石，在债法或合同法中具有重要的地位。 - But with the development of the economy, all countries gradually accepted the exception of privity of contract.
无论是大陆法系还是英美法系，合同相对性都被作为一项基本原则而信守。但是随着社会经济的发展，各国逐渐承认合同相对性原则的例外。 - In the traditional theory of the contracts, the doctrine of privity of contract stands for the proposition that a contract cannot, as a general rule, confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person except the parties to it.
在传统的合同法理论中，合同关系仅拘束合同当事人，非合同当事人既不享有合同权利，也不承担合同义务，这即是合同相对性原则。 - With "privity of contract" as clew and development of British law as example, this article will discuss the impact that evolvement of "privity of contract" and development of related lawmaking bring to business practice of shipping law.
本文以合同相对性为主要线索，以最为有代表性的英国法律发展为例，论述法律对于合同相对性问题态度的演变、立法的发展以及因此而对海上货物运输实践带来的影响。 - The relativity of obligation or the privity of contract, which has been confirmed by common law system and civil law system for a long time, plays an extremely important role in the debt law especially in the realm of contract law.
债的相对性或合同的相对性一直以来为两大法系所确认，在债法特别是合同法领域中占有十分重要的地位。 - It also discusses the issue of privity of contract that chartered shipbrokers meet when they claim for commission under Anglo-American Law, and how to solve it as well.
并论述了在英美法下租船经纪人在诉求佣金时所遇到的合同相对性问题以及解决该问题的做法。 - All the countries in the world abide by the principle of privity of contract strictly as a footstone of the theory of contract.
合同相对性原则作为契约法理论构建的基石，在大陆法系和英美法系各国一直被严格信守。 - The Study on the Doctrine of Privity of Contract
合同相对性理论研究 - The contract for the benefit of the third parties ( abbreviated to CFBTP) is one of the special contracts, it is the breakthrough of the privity of contract.
利他合同是一种特殊的合同形态，它是对合同相对性原则的突破。 - After that, this paper gives a clear definition of the exception of privity of contract and shows the specification of contract for the benefits of third party and its categories.
然后文章对合同相对性例外的内涵进行了界定，并确立了以第三人利益合同为研究重点，分析了第三人利益合同的特殊性及其分类。 - However, this doctrine is limited by privity of contract and therefore cannot regulate interference to contracting interest by a third party.
但是缔约过失责任受到合同相对性的束缚，无法规范第三人对缔约利益的侵害。 - The scholars who against the contract relativity breakthrough believe that it violates the privity of contract and will shake the foundations of the existence of contract law as a result of local protectionism flooding in judicial application.
反对合同相对性突破的学者认为合同相对性的突破是对合同相对性原则的违背，会动摇合同法存在的基础，导致司法适用中地方保护主义的泛滥。 - During its developing process, privity of contract is always accompanied by all kinds of exceptions.
在这一历史发展进程中，合同相对性规则从来都与各种例外相生相伴。 - Firstly the issue is referred by two cases, i. e. how to protect the benefits of third party under the principle of privity of contract. These two cases are used to prove the necessity of the exception of privity of contract.
本文首先通过两个案例引出本文所要讨论的问题，即在合同相对性原则的束缚下，第三人的利益如何保护，引出合同相对性原则例外存在的必要性。 - The doctrine of privity of contract means that the effect of contract only involves the parties of the contract not any the third party.
合同相对性原则是指合同仅在特定的当事人间产生效力，对合同以外的任何人不具有约束力。 - The author believes that the opponents have a positive view of upholding the basic position of doctrine of privity of contract in law. but in a way, their views are too extreme and one-sided.
笔者认为，反对者的观点即使在提醒我们应当坚持合同相对性原则基础地位方面有着积极地意义，但在某种程度上观点过于偏激、未免片面。